There are many types of businesses, and therefore businesses are classified in many ways. One of the most common is focused on the primary profit-business industry:

* The manufacturers produce products, from raw materials or components, which then sell at a profit. Companies that make physical goods, such as cars or pipes, are considered manufacturers.
* Services companies offer intangible goods or services in general and generate a profit by charging for work or other services to authorities, businesses or other consumers. Organizations ranging from home decorators to consulting firms to restaurants and even entertainers are types of service providers.
* Retailers and distributors act as a middle-aged men to get the goods produced by manufacturers for the consumer, generating a profit as a result of the sale or supply of distribution services. Most consumer-oriented stores and catalog companies are distributors or retailers. See also: Franchise
* Agricultural and mining concerns the production of raw materials such as plants or minerals.
* Financial firms include banks and other companies that generate profits through investment and capital.
* Information businesses generate profits mainly from the sale of intellectual property rights and include film studios, publishers and software companies.
* Utilities produce public services, such as heat, electricity and sewage treatment, and are usually government chartered.
* Property companies generate revenue from the sale, rental and development of buildings, houses and buildings.
* Transport companies supplying goods and persons on the spot, generate profits for the transport costs
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Most companies must perform similar functions, regardless of their size, the legal structure or industry. These functions are often organized into divisions. Services include common (without limitation):

HUMAN RESOURCES
In general, responsible for hiring, dismissal, remuneration, benefits, etc.
Finance
responsible for managing the financial resources of enterprises

The budgeting and forecasting
predict how the company wants to move things
Liquide and management resources
ensure the company money when it is necessary
Debts and receivables
ensure the company receives what is due to pay and which must
Planning tax-filing and reporting
Government Obligations
Risk management
ensure the company are not surprised something negative
External and internal (management) signalling
ensure the visibility of the company for those in need through the financial reports and other types of relationships

The marketing and sales
responsible for the sale of the company, products or services to customers and manage relationships with the customer

Marketing
In general, responsible for promoting interest in the production and demand, the company products or services, and market positioning
De sale
likely to find buyers and get their agreement (known as contract) to buy company products or services

Operations
makes the product or service provides

Production
raw materials produced in products delivered, in case of treatment they need
Customer Service
supports customers who need help with the products or services

Purchases
responsible for the purchase of goods and services necessary for the company. Sometimes, organized as follows:

Strategic Sourcing
the company determines the need and plans to acquire the necessary raw materials and services for business
Purchases
The traffic of purchase orders and related operations

The research and development
tests to create new products and determine their viability (for example, pilot plants)
Information Technology
manages the business and assets of data
Communication / Public Relations
responsible for communicating with the outside world
Hotels
provides administrative support to other services (such as typing, filing, etc.)
The internal audit
an independent monitoring in general responds to the Board for reports on the functioning of other services

The direction is sometimes as a “service”, but usually refers to a higher level of leadership within companies, irrespective of their functional role.

The main factors as a company organized in the rule:

* The size and scope of activity and its anticipated management and ownership. In general, a smaller companies more flexible, while the larger companies, or those with greater ownership or more formal structures, usually more organized than the company or (better). In addition, a company that wants to collect money on a stock exchange or in the possession of a broad spectrum of people are often required a special legal status to it.
* The sectors and countries. The private profit-making enterprises are different from state-owned facilities. In some countries, some companies are legally obliged to be organized certain way.
* Limited liability. Corporations, limited liability partnerships and other specific types of businesses to protect their owners from the bankruptcy of operations for a separate legal entity with some legal protection. By contrast, unincorporated businesses or individuals who work on their own are generally not so protected.
* Tax advantages. Different structures are treated differently in tax law, and has its advantages, for that reason.
* Information and compliance requirements. Different corporate structures that may be required to more or less information to publish (or reported to the competent authorities) and may be subject to different rules and regulations.

Many companies are represented by a separate entity as a joint stock company, partnership or limited liability companies. Most legal systems allow people to organize as a company by submitting certain documents Charter with the relevant State or the equivalent and who meet certain other ongoing obligations. The relationships and legal rights of shareholders, generally, or a member of a part of the Charter documents and in part to the laws of the country where the company is organized. In general, is a shareholder in a company partner in a partnership, and members of a society with limited liability companies are shielded from personal liability for the debts and obligations of companies which are legally treated as a “person”. This means that, if it is not wrong, the owner’s own possessions are heavily protected in law, if the company did not succeed.

If two or more people who own businesses, but has failed to arrange a specific form of the vehicle, they are treated as general partnerships. The terms of a partnership that is subject to a partnership agreement on a set up, partly by the law of the State of the partnership. No paperwork or registration is required is a partnership, and without an agreement, the relations and legal rights of partners is completely under the law of the State of the partnership.

A single person who owns and operates a company is commonly known as a sole proprietor, if he or she owns, directly or through a formally organized entity.

Some relevant factors into account in deciding how to carry out activities include:

1: a General partner in a partnership (other than a partnership with limited liability) and someone who himself owns and operates a business without a separate legal entity, is personally liable for the debts and obligations of the company.
2: In general, companies are required to pay tax as a “real” people. In some tax systems, this may give rise to so-called double taxation, first because the company pays tax on profits and then, if the company distributes its profits to its owners, individuals have dividends on their income if they feel that their personal tax returns, which point a the second layer of income tax is levied.
3 rd In most countries there are laws, the treatment of small businesses differently from large ones. You can switch from certain statutory requirements or the submission of labour, has simplified procedures in specialized areas and simplified, advantageous, or slightly differently for tax purposes.
4 th order to “go public” (sometimes called IPO) - which essentially means that a part of the business be owned by a larger number of investors and the public - you must organize a separate entity, which is typically needed to stricter laws and procedures . Most public institutions, enterprises, the shares are sold, but there are also public LLC, sell units (sometimes referred to as shares) and other more exotic devices, and (for example, REITs in the U.S., unit trusts in the United Kingdom). You can not, however, a general partnership “public”.

Most business transactions are processed through a very detailed and well-established rules, which spread over a very long period, as the case that regulate trade and industry is a powerful force in creating law and Courts in Western civilization.

As with other laws or regulate the impact that companies in many countries, it is virtually impossible to chronicle all on a single source. There are laws on the treatment of workers and, in general, employee relations, security and safety at work (or OSHA health and safety), anti-discrimination laws (age, sex, disability, race and in some countries, sexual orientation), minimum wage laws, laws of the Union labour law, annual leave and work or time.

In some specialized companies may also be necessary licenses, either because of specific laws for entry into certain commercial, industrial or professionals who may need special training or local governments, it is their money. Professions, a license to run the full spectrum of medicine and the right to fly planes into the sale of alcoholic beverages on radio on the sale of securities holdings for the sale of used cars for roofs. From May local courts also need a license and taxes only for operating a business without taking into account the nature of the activities in question.

Some companies are subject to special rules. These sectors include, for example, utilities, investment securities, banking, insurance, broadcasting, air transport and medical service providers. Environmental regulations are also very complex and can affect many types of businesses unexpectedly.

When companies need to raise money (called “capital”), more laws come into play. A very complex set of laws and regulations governing the supply and sale of securities (the fundraising) in most Western countries. These rules may require disclosure of a large number of specific financial and other information about the company and give buyers some remedies. Because “securities” is a very broad term, most investment transactions may be subject to these laws, unless a special exemption is available.

Capital May be raised by private organizations, a public offering (IPO) on a scholarship, or in many other ways. Major stock exchanges including the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq (USA), the London Stock Exchange (United Kingdom), the Tokyo Stock Exchange (Japan), and so forth. Most countries with capital markets have at least one.

The company that were “public” are subject to extremely detailed and complicated about their rules of governance (such as how the top executives of compensation is determined) and when and how the information is disclosed the public and their shareholders. In the USA, these regulations are mainly implemented and applied by the USA Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Other Western countries have comparable regulatory agencies.

As indicated earlier, it is impossible to enumerate all types of laws and regulations that affect enterprises today. In fact, these laws have become so numerous and complex, that nothing lawyer can learn all, forcing increasing specialization of corporate lawyers. It is not unknown for teams of 5 to 10 lawyers to be required to treat certain types of business transactions, due to the sprawling nature of modern regulation. Commercial runs on company law, employment and labour law, healthcare law, securities law, mergers and acquisitions law (who specialize in acquisitions), tax law, ERISA Act (ERISA the USA governs employee benefit plans), food and drug regulatory law, intellectual property law (specializing in copyright, patents, trademarks, etc.), Law on Telecommunications And more.
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